Rogowski Coils
Rogowski coils are used for measuring alternating current. They work by sensing magnetic field caused by the current without the need to make an electrical contact with the conductor. These coils have been used in various forms for detecting and measuring electrical currents for decades but it is only in recent years that their potential is being realized on a commercial scale. They operate on a simple principle. An 'air cored' coil is placed round the conductor in a toroidal fashion so that the alternating magnetic field produced by the current induces a voltage in the coil. The coil is effectively a mutual inductance coupled to the conductor being measured and the voltage output is proportional to the rate of change of current. To complete the transducer this voltage is integrated electronically to provide an output that reproduces the current waveform. This combination of coil and integrator provides a system where the output is independent of frequency, which has an accurate phase response, and which can measure complex current waveforms. The output from the integrator can be used with any form of electronic indicating device such as a voltmeter, oscilloscope, protection system or metering equipment. The coils are wound either on a flexible former that is subsequently wrapped round the conductor to be measured or on a rigid toroidal former. Rogowski Coils Two forms of transducer coil have been developed. One is Rigid Toroid design which can be used for high precision measurements and some forms of permanent installation. This has an accuracy and stabilty comparible to a class AL current transformer but without the current-range limitations. A clip-on version of the rigid toroid can be produced with similar specifications. The alternative form of the transducer is the Flexible Coil. This is less sensitive and less accurate than the rigid form but is extremely compact and versatile.